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OSI is an abbreviation, stands for Open Systems Interconnection model. We are talking about a 7-level open network model, where each level performs certain tasks. This model itself is designed to generalize and standardize the provision of means of network interaction in telecommunications and computer systems. In fact, the concept was developed to solve the problem of compatibility of different devices that differ from each other. Unify their work and bring them to some common standards, even if the communication protocols are different.

Network Address Translation, abbreviated as NAT, is a network address translation mechanism necessary for the full functioning of the Internet formed by unified computer networks under the control of the TCP/IP protocol. The key problem that NAT solves is the shortage of IP addresses, which was predicted back in the 2000s. The IPv4 Internet protocol allows you to create approximately 4.3 billion addresses, and if in the 80s of the last century this was enough, today the figure looks quite ridiculous.

Without adequate hosting, it is impossible to ensure the normal operation of sites and other projects that are accessed remotely. The quality of hosting depends on how stable the site will work, how fast it will load. And the faster the server will exchange data with visitors, the better – including for ranking the site by search engines. Both Google, Yahoo!, and any other search engine try to bring those websites that load quickly and with minimal ping to the TOP for key queries. That is why it is so important to rent a server closer to the region where your target audience lives.

In this article, we will compare cPanel in detail and Vesta are the two most popular control panels under Linux OS. Let's consider their advantages, disadvantages and specifics, which will allow you to more consciously decide which one to use.

The market is oversaturated with companies that offer VPS hosting services, while the quality of these services is often somewhere around zero. Because it is profitable to rent server capacity, but to provide high power and stability to customers – not really because it requires additional costs. As a result, people are forced to wander from one hosting provider to another in search of a stable and reliable server that will ensure the high quality of the projects hosted on the server.

Few ordinary "mortals" know what an API is and what it is for, while almost all people on the planet use them. Well, of those who use modern gadgets, of course. And all this is due to the fact that the API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of tools and functions that ensure the interaction of various programs with each other. And even within one application, its individual parts can "communicate" with each other through certain APIs – this is often found in complex, multi-level software with a wide range of different functions.

Under the category Landing Page fall absolutely all one-page sites, which briefly and concisely disclose information about the service or products, motivating the visitor to take some action. To subscribe, make an order, call by phone number, write in Telegram, Viber or any other messenger, or just download something from the site. We create our websites with an eye on a narrow audience, so their design, interface, and text content are formed taking into account the personality type of the visitors, their tastes, and preferences.

As a result of a site hack, attackers will gain access to internal files, be able to pull information from the administrative panel of the web resource and introduce malware to the site to use it for their own selfish purposes. In this article we'll tell you what signs are indicative of a compromised site.

Website builders are software systems with extensive tools that can be used to create websites for any task. "In the box" of such a service there is everything you need at once:

The SMTP server uses the SMTP protocol to send e-mails. And only to send, because other protocols are used for receiving - POP3 and IMAP. The data transfer is done via TCP connection, and the specification of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is optimal for sending mass and transactional mailings. For this reason, it is often used by spammers.